APPROACHING THE ADDRESSEE AS A TACTIC TO ESTABLISH CONTACT IN ANGLO-AMERICAN WORKPLACE DISCOURSE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/Keywords:
Anglo-American workplace discourse, communicative contact, workplace conversation, professional dyad, addresser, addressee, strategy of establishing contact, tactic of approaching the addressee, communicative nonverbal behavior, variationAbstract
The article is devoted to studying the specifics of realization of communicative contact in Anglo-American workplace discourse. Communicative contact is viewed as an activity aimed at the opening of a workplace conversation and achieving the maximum effect of communication. Taking into account the main goal of the opening phase and the means to achieve it, the addresser’s actions are considered in terms of the strategy of establishing contact and the tactic of approaching the addressee, which deals with the proxemic organization of communication and is supposed to create a common communicative space. The article analyzes the communicative nonverbal behavior of the contact initiator within various professional dyads, which can lead to a speech interaction, as well as describes frequently used nonverbal means of establishing contact. The article reveals some peculiarities of the realization of the tactic of approaching the addressee depending on the type of the professional dyad and communication context. It also determines the factors of variation in nonverbal behaviors when establishing contact in Anglo-American workplace discourse.
References
1.Bobyreva Е.V. Semantics and Pragmatics of Initial and Final Turns of Dialogue [Semantika i pragmatika initsialnykh i finalnykh replik dialoga] : avtoref. diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.19 / Е.V. Bobyreva ; Volgogr. gos. ped. un-t. – Volgograd, 1996. – 24 s.
2.Vіrotchenko S.А. The Proxemic Component of the English Dialogic Discourse [Proksemіchna skladova anglomovnoho dialohichnoho dyskursu] : аvtoref. dys. … kand. filol. nauk: spets. 10.02.04 / S.А. Vіrotchenko ; Khark. nats. un-t im. V.N. Каrazina. – Kharkiv, 2011. – 18 s.
3.Hrynchyshyn M.М. The Proxemic Means of Expressing a Social Status of the Person (based on Ivan Franko’s Fictional Prose) [Proksemіchnі zasoby vyrazhenia sotsialnoho statusu osoby (na materiali khudozhnoi prozy Ivana Franka)] / М.М. Hrynchyshyn // Naukovi pratsi : nauk.-metod. zhurnal. – Seriia “Fіlolohichni nauky” / hol. red. L.P. Klymenko. – Mykolaiv : Vyd-vo MDHU іm. Petra Mohyly, 2007. – T. 67, Vyp. 54. – S. 25–28.
4.Еgorova Ju.A. The Pragmalinguistic Aspect of Communicative Contact [Pragmastilisticheskiy aspect kommunikativnogo kontakta] : avtoref. diss. … kаnd. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.04 / Ju.A. Еgorova ; Тul. gos. ped. un-t im. L.N. Тоlstogo. – М., 2002. – 18 s.
5.Kulnina Е.А. The Ways of Verbalization of the Contact-establishing Function in Modern German [Sposoby verbalizatsii kontaktoustanavlivaiushchey funktsii v sovremennom nemetskom yazyke] : diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.04 / Е.А. Kulnina ; Nizhegor. gos. lingv. un-t im. N.А. Dobroliubova. – Nizhniy Novgorod, 2003. – 193 s.
6.Kurian М.L. The Means of Optimization of Communication in the English Language Space [Sredstva optimizatsii kommunikatsii v angloyazychnom yazykovom prostranstve] : аvtoref. diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.04 / М.L. Kurian ; Nizhegor. gos. lingv. un-t im. N.А. Dobroliubova. – Nizhniy Novgorod, 2006. – 21 s.
7.Zaza Ju.Ja. The Register Characteristics of the Situation of Beginning Communicative Contact (Based on the Ukrainian, Czech and Arabic Languages [Rehistrovi kharakterystyky sytuatsii pochatku komunikatyvnoho kontaktu (na materiali ukrainskoi, cheskoi і arabskoi mov)] : avtoref. dys. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.15 / Ju.Ja. Zaza ; Lviv. nats. un-t іm. І. Franka. – Donetsk, 2013. – 23 s.
8.Karasik V.I. Language of Social Status [Yazyk sotsialnogo statusa] / V.I. Каrasik. – М. : In-t yazykoznania RAN ; Volgogr. gos. ped. in-t, 1992. – 330 s.
9.Каrpuk G.V. The Contact-establishing Function of Language [Kontaktoustanavlivajutschaya funktsiya jazyka] : napravleniya i perspektivy issledovaniia / G.V. Каrpuk // Vestnik Minsk. gos. lingv. un-ta : zb. nauchn. stateі. – Seriіa 1. Filologiіa. – 2010. – Vyp. 1 (44). – S. 35–45.
10.Кrasnykh V.V. The Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics and Communication Theory [Osnovy psikholіngvistiki і teorii kommunikatsii] / V.V. Кrasnykh. – М. : Gnozis, 2001. – 270 s.
11.Маtiukhina Ju.V. The Development of the Phatic Metacommunication System in the English Discourse of the 16th–20th cc. [Razvitiіe sistemy faticheskoі metakommunikatsii v angliіskom diskurse XVI – XX vv.] : diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.04 / Ju.V. Маtiukhina ; Khark. nats. un-t im. V.N. Каrazina. – Kharkov, 2004. – 226 s.
12.Sokolova M.S. Adaptation to the Interlocutor in Interpersonal Communication [Аdaptatsiіa k sobesedniku v protsesse mezhlichnostnoі kommunikatsii : avtoref. diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.19 / М.S. Sokolova ; Volgogr. gos. sots-ped. un-t. – Volgograd, 2012. – 22 s.
13.Soloshchuk L.V. Interaction of Verbal and Nonverbal Components of Communication in Modern English Discourse [Vzayemodiya verbalnykh i neverbalnykh komponentiv u komunikatsii u suchasnomu anhlomovnomu dyskursi] : аvtoref. dys. … dokt. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.04 / L.V. Soloshchuk ; Кyiv. nats. un-t іm. Т. Shevchenka. – К., 2009. – 37 s.
14.Sternin I.А. Practical Rhetoric [Prakticheskaya ritorika] / I.А. Sternin. – М. : Аkademiіa, 2003. – 272 s.
15.Таrantsei Ju.V. The Means of Establishing Contact with the Interlocutor in Dialogue (in Russian, English and American Communicative Cultures) [Sredstva ustanovleniia kontakta s sobesednikom v dialoge (v russkom, аngliiskom і amerikanskom kommunikativnykh kultu-rakh)] : avtoref. diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.19 / Ju.V. Таrantsei ; Voronezh. gos. un-t. – Voronezh, 2002. – 21 s.
16.Fedotova V.Ju. The Functional-Pragmatic Characteristics of Phatic Strategies of the French Language [Funktsionalno-pragmaticheskaia kharakteristika faticheskikh ctrategii frantsuzkogo yazyka] : diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.05 / V.Ju. Fedotova ; Voronezh. gos. un-t. – Piatigorsk, 2004. – 140 s.
17.Formanovskaia N.I. Communicative Contact [Kommunikativnyi kontakt] / N.I. Formanovskaia. – М. : IKAR, 2012. – 200 s.
18.Khartli М. Language of Gestures in Workplace Communication [Yazyk zhestov v delovom obshchenii] / М. Khartli ; [per. s аngl. N. Padalko]. – М. : Ekso, 2003. – 224 s.
19.Chernichkina О.V. Communicative Initiative in Interpersonal Communication (Based on Matrimonial Discourse) [Kommunikativnaia initsiativa v mezhlichnostnom obshchenii (na material supruzheskogo diskursa) : avtoref. diss. … kand. filol. nauk : spets.. 10.02.19 / О.V. Chernichkina ; Volgogtr. gos. sots.-ped. un-t. – Volgograd, 2013. – 22 s.
20.Shpak О.V. The Realization of the Communicative Category Contact in Modern English Discourse [Realizatsiia komunikativnoi katehorii kontakt u suchasnomu anhlomovnomu dyskursi] : dys. … kand. filol. nauk : spets. 10.02.04 / О.V. Shpak ; Khark. nats. un-t іm. V.N. Каrazina. – Kharkiv, 2015. – 238 s.
21.Burgoon J.K. Nonverbal Expressions of Dominance and Power in Human Relationships / J.K. Burgoon, N.E. Dunbar // The SAGE Handbook of Nonverbal Communication / ed. by V. Manusov, M.L. Patterson. – Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications, Inc., 2006. – P. 279–299.
22.Butland M. Achieving Communication Competence : An Introduction to Human Communication / M. Butland. – Dubuque : Kendall Hunt Publishing, 2012. – 460 p.
23.Clark C. Managing prospect affiliation and rapport in real-life sales encounters / C. Clark, P. Drew, T. Pinch // Discourse Studies. – 2003. – Vol. 5, № 1. – P. 5–31.
24.Furnham A. Body Language in Business : Decoding the Signals / A. Furnham, E. Petrova. – N.Y. : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. – 217 p.
25.Guffey M.E. Essentials of Business Communication / M.E. Guffey, D. Loew. – [9th ed.] – Mason : South Western Cengage Learning, 2013. – 592 p.
26.Hall J.A. Nonverbal Behavior and the Vertical Dimension of Social Relations : A Meta-Analysis / J.A. Hall, E.J. Coats, L.S. LeBeau // Psychological Bulletin. – 2005. – Vol. 131. – № 6. – P. 898–924.
27.Hall E.T. Proxemics / E.T. Hall // Current Anthropology. – 1968. – Vol. 9, № 1/2. – P. 83–95.
28.Hall E.T. The Hidden Dimension / E.T. Hall. – [2nd ed.] – N.Y. : Anchor Books, 1990. – 217 p.
29.Heritage J. Talk in Action : Interactions, Identities, and Institutions / J. Heritage, S. Clayman. – Chichester, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. – 312 p.
30.Lunenburg F.C. Louder than Words : The Hidden Power of Nonverbal Communication in the Workplace / F.C. Lunenburg // International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity. – 2010. – Vol. 12, № 1. – P. 1–5.
31.Markman K.M. “So What Shall We Talk About” : Openings and Closings in Chat-Based Virtual Meetings / K.M. Markman // Journal of Business Communication. – 2009. – V. 46, № 1. – P. 150–170.
32.Nielsen M.F. “'Stepping Stones”' in Opening and Closing Department Meetings / M.F. Nielsen // Journal of Business Communication. – 2013. – V. 50, № 1. – P. 34–67.
33.Pullin P. Small talk, rapport, and international communicative competence : Lessons to learn from BELF / P. Pullin // Journal of Business Communication. – 2010. – Vol. 47, № 4. – P. 455–476.
34.Schegloff E.A. Sequencing in conversational openings / E.A. Schegloff // American Anthropologist. – 1968. – Vol. 70, № 6. – P. 1075–1095.
35.Ventola E. Structural Study of Casual Conversations / E. Ventola // Julkaisuarkisto. – 1978. – Vol. 23. – P. 105–117.
